LPSLAM for ROS2 Documentation

Owned by Klaus Petersen
Last updated: Mar 31, 2022 by Yasmine Mili
7 min read

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Note: This document is work-in-progress. Feel free to contact us at klaus@lp-research.com or yasmine@lp-research.com for feedback and corrections.

We are on Slack, please join the discussion! Email us to request access.

Some Advantages of Visual SLAM

  • It is cost efficient, cameras are commodity items (tens or hundreds of USD compared to thousands of USD for a LIDAR)

  • Cameras have no moving parts, they are low maintenance, compared to LIDARs less sensitive to vibrations and shocks

  • Visual SLAM uses a 3D feature space compared to the 2D scans of most affordable LIDARs

  • This allows visual SLAM to do instant re-localization e.g. after a system restart, manual displacement or occlusion

  • There are no range limitations. Visual SLAM works indoors and outdoors.

  • Cameras can perform additional image processing tasks such as object recognition and combine this information as additional feature data with standard visual SLAM features.

We are showing some of these features in this video: LPNAV Sensor Fusion for Robot Navigation - AGV Outdoor Operation Demonstration

System Overview

LPSLAM is a drop-in solution to connect the ROS Navigation 2 (NAV2) stack with OpenVSLAM-based visual SLAM. Additionally to the basic capabilities of OpenVSLAM, LPSLAM contains improved functionality such as camera calibration utilities and the ability to feed odometry information back into OpenVSLAM to improve tracking robustness.

LPSLAM uses sensors commonly installed in an AGV to create an environement map and to localize the robot within that map. The image below shows an overview of such a system. The central part of this system is the NAV2 stack with its path planning capabilities.

LPSLAM integrated with NAV2 into mobile robot hardware

LPSLAM is a ROS2 node and consists of 3 parts:

  • lpslam_node that provides the ROS2 node interface

  • lpslam containing camera interfacing and calibration functionality

  • A modified version of OpenVSLAM

LPSLAM consists of three different submodules

How to Transmit Localization Data to ROS Navigation 2

Before we get into the specifics of LPSLAM, we would like to show some relevant information about how a SLAM node communicates with the Navigation 2 stack. Generally, communication between localization and ROS Navigation 2 happens via /tf (transform) messages as described in the Navigation 2 documentation:

Setting Up Transformations โ€” Navigation 2 1.0.0 documentation (ros.org)

Specifically about interacting with a SLAM node, the Navigation 2 documentation says the following:

Besides the localization data in the form of the map => odom transform, a 2D map of the environment needs to be provided to NAV2 via /map messages. At the moment this map is created inside LPSLAM from 2D laser scanner data. We will put this functionality into a separate module as different map creation methods might be preferable for different use-cases. Generally one of the main advantages of using visual (camera) SLAM for navigation is its capability to replace LIDAR SLAM, as LIDARs tend to be expensive and sensitive to vehicle vibrations.

LPSLAM Node Core Features

  • Wraps OpenVSLAM as ROS 2 node

  • Provides camera calibration and matching of left / right image for stereo cameras

  • Enhances robustness of standard OpenVSLAM by using robot odometry / IMU information

  • Combines optical keyframes with distance sensor information (LIDAR) to create occupancy grid (to be replaced by map building using camera feature points)

  • Outputs detected optical features as point cloud

The LPSLAM ROS2 node receives as input:

  • Odometry transforms /tf

  • Sensor data from a camera and laser scanner /scan, /left_image_raw, /right_image_raw

It outputs:

  • The map-odom transform /tf

  • The environment map (occupancy grid) /map

  • Result features from visual SLAM as point cloud /slam_features

Note: For our default test setup we use a Stereolabs ZED 2 camera.

Build instructions

Note: Thank you to Alexey Merzlyakov and Yasmine Mili for contributing to these.

Repository Links

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Weโ€™re going to cover two ways to build our OpenVSLAM-ROS wrapper and its dependencies. Below are the common build instructions followed by the specific instructions for each one.

  • Build dependencies with conan package manager

  • Build dependencies manually

Common build instructions

Dependencies

The general build instructions for OpenVSLAM are here:

https://openvslam-community.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html

The installed dependencies should be sufficient to build our branch of OpenVSLAM, the LPSLAM repository and the ROS2 wrapper.

Required

Conan
pip3 install conan
g2o dependencies
sudo apt install libsuitesparse-dev sudo apt install qtdeclarative5-dev sudo apt install qt5-qmake sudo apt install libqglviewer-dev-qt5
Pangolin dependencies
sudo apt install libgl1-mesa-dev sudo apt install libglew-dev sudo apt install cmake
Other dependencies
OpenCV (latest > 3.0.0)

https://docs.opencv.org/4.5.3/d7/d9f/tutorial_linux_install.html

To install OpenCV in a custom $INSTALL_ROOT, set -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX

ROS2

Use one of the standard ways to install ROS2 (latest distribution Galactic on Ubuntu 20LTS at the time of writing)

https://docs.ros.org/en/galactic/Installation.html

For building on a Jetson embedded system we recommend this script (distribution Foxy on Ubuntu 18LTS):

GitHub - griz1112/build-ros2-foxy-for-jetson: script to build ros2 foxy desktop on jetson nano and jetson AGX Xavier

Make sure to source ROS2 e.g. for a Galactic build:

In case you installed ROS2 from binaries:

  • Install colcon

  • Source ROS2 as follows

LPSLAM ROS2 message interfaces

Conan Build Instructions

(Recommended)

The instructions below build the OpenVSLAM-ROS wrapper and install the remaining dependencies automatically in the workspace with conan package manager

OpenVSLAM-ROS Wrapper

Make sure to source ROS2 & lpslam_interfaces beforehand.

New

Starting from commit 0c16c936 and thanks to Alexey Merzlyakovโ€™s amazing work, we provide two versions of lpslam ros2 wrapper.
- One equivalent to the previous version.
- A new version that is more independent from lpslam module to enable direct interfacing with OpenVSLAM in order to simplify and do things in a more ros-ey way.
The intended version can be selected at build time by appending the previous build command with -DUSE_OPENVSLAM_DIRECTLY=OFF or -DUSE_OPENVSLAM_DIRECTLY=ON.

Some minor errors may be encountered depending on the system, below are the fixes

(particularly happened with opencv-4.2.0) can be fixed by changing it toย #include <opencv4/opencv2/ccalib/omnidir.hpp>

  • Problems loading some libraries when running the node. error while loading shared libraries: ... .so : cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
    Can be solved by appending the LD_LIBRARY_PATH with the path to the new libraries as follows: LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$INSTALL_ROOT/lib or using ldconfig.

Manual Build Instructions

Dependencies

Below are the instructions to build the dependencies one by one from source and install them in a custom ${INSTALL_ROOT}.
If no custom root is provided, the dependencies will be installed system wide (default to /usr/local ), use sudo make install to install them in this case.

Pangolin

GitHub - stevenlovegrove/Pangolin: Pangolin is a lightweight portable rapid development library for managing OpenGL display / interaction and abstracting video input. @ad8b5f83 commit

Eigen

libeigen / eigen ยท GitLab @3.3 branch

DBoW2

https://github.com/OpenVSLAM-Community/DBoW2 @master branch

g2o

GitHub - RainerKuemmerle/g2o: g2o: A General Framework for Graph Optimization @9b41a4e commit

glog

GitHub - google/glog: C++ implementation of the Google logging module @master branch

There seems to be an issue with the latest glog and OpenCV (2021/8/30):

https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=255968

therefore use default Ubuntu package libgoogle-glog-dev:

OpenVSLAM

OpenVSLAM-ROS Wrapper

Make sure to source ROS2 & lpslam_interfaces beforehand

Testing Your Setup

Testing LPSLAM on Simulation

One quick way to test LPSLAM is run it on simulation. We created a Turtlebot3 Waffle simulation with Stereo Camera just for that! We also provide the needed launch and configuration files for lpslam integration.

  • To test it, create a workspace for tb3 simulation eg. tb3_ws , clone the following repositories then install the dependencies and build your workspace.

  • To run lpslam on simulation, all you need to do is the following,

Run the tb3 simulation with the waffle_stereo model

  • Source the lpslam and lpslam_interfaces packages then run the lpslam node with the proper configuration.
    For the configuration files, make sure to change the path to configFromFile and vocabFile here.
    And also lpslam_config, config_yaml and vocab_file in lpslam_params.yaml for the latest version.

  • Finally, run teleoperation node to move the robot around


Note: We provide a vocab file (orb_vocab.dbow2) temporarily to make things fast but it can be easily generated. Refer to the following discussion.


Testing LPSLAM on Your Robot

Coming soon..